Hacking ATMs, also known as Jackpotting, is an activity that speaks to our imagination, conjuring up visions of ATMs that spit out money into the street for everyone to pick up. The three attacks that we describe in this article are the result and recurring theme of numerous assessments that we have performed over the years for many of our customers. These are the (digital) attacks that we believe matter most and that require a serious look from anyone protecting an ATM. Please note that hacking of ATM’s is an illegal action.

Jan 26, 2018 - Hello world, i want to share my testimony on how i got my BLANK ATM card which have change my life today. I was once living on the street. Feb 27, 2019 - New Zealand-based cryptocurrency exchange Cryptopia has given an idea of the losses arising from a hack on its platform last month.

Fox-IT’s security experts have performed these attacks with the permission of the ATM’s owners. An overview of the basics In this article we will explore three easy to execute digital attacks on ATMs: Keyboard attacks, disk attacks and network attacks. We will also cover some defensive measures that can be implemented as well as some detection measures.

Bear in mind that an ATM by nature is an asset on which you have to accept compromise and in that regard you are forced to make a healthy decision on security investment versus business risk acceptance. We will not be covering the physical security measures that might detect or delay the digital attacks on an ATM. The reason for not taking physical security measures into consideration is due to the fact that after breaching the physical security measures you will always be able to perform the digital attacks. You might be detected and the ATM might be cut off from the network, but that will not prevent an attacker from gaining potentially sensitive data or knowledge about the digital setup of an ATM. One preventative measure that we will not be covering is the end-to-end (server to hardware) signing of commands executed on an ATM. The reason for this is the fact that it involves all parties present in the ATM eco-system: the financial institution, the software builders, the hardware builders.

This is a measure that requires a community effort and won’t be possible on the short term. Background An Automated Teller Machine referred to as an ATM is usually a machine build from commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware with custom software that serves mostly the following purposes: • • Give out money • Receive money • Provide account overviews The above mentioned functionality usually needs a connection to the financial institution to be able to perform the requested operations. The connection can be setup over dial-up, broadband or mobile type of setups. The ATM could in a sense be split into two halves: the upper half that contains all the logic components and the lower half that contains the money dispensing parts. This lower half contains the vault and the mechanical parts to protect the money and dispense the money that will be received by the customer operating the ATM. The hardware in an ATM consists of a regular computer and multiple specialised peripherals that are responsible for dispensing money, validating entered money and processing the bank card as well as the entered pincode.

Some of these components contain additional layers of protection like additional encryption to further protect the data transmitted. In regards to the physical security there are multiple layers of preventive, detective and response layers of security. These layers attempt to delay an intrusion, detect the intrusion or respond to the intrusion by making the money unusable.

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In a way, the multiple layers of security attempt to find a balance between the likelyhood of an ATM being attacked and the impact or consequences of such an attack. Expressed in another way we could say, how much money do we spend to safeguard the money in the vault of the ATM? First attack: rogue keyboard access An easy to execute attack is that of attaching a keyboard to an ATM and then proceed to perform a classical ‘break out’. The most interesting aspect of this attack is that depending on the ATM configuration an attacker does not need to elevate her privileges to be able to jackpot the ATM. The first part of the attack which consists of attaching the keyboard can be performed in a variety of ways, for example: • Open the ATM using jiggle keys or other key opening tools • Drill a hole in the ATM near the USB or PS/2 port • Open the ATM by removing the screws that hold the side or back plates in place • The next step is to physically attach the keyboard to the ATM computer either by USB or PS/2 port When the keyboard has been attached the attacker can proceed to what during most penetration tests is called a ‘break out’ assignment. This usually includes finding key combination or functionality which enables an attacker to execute custom commands on the ATM with the goal of achieving code execution.