This Opinion, jointly adopted by the CCJE and the CCPE contains: § a Declaration, called « Bordeaux Declaration »; § an Explanatory Note. BORDEAUX DECLARATION “JUDGES AND PROSECUTORS IN A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY” The Consultative Council of European Judges (CCJE) and the Consultative Council of European Prosecutors (CCPE), at the request of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe to provide an opinion on relationships between judges and prosecutors, agreed on the following: • It is in the interest of society that the rule of law be guaranteed by the fair, impartial and effective administration of justice. Public prosecutors and judges shall ensure, at all stages of the proceedings, that individual rights and freedoms are guaranteed, and public order is protected.

This involves the total respect of the rights of the defendants and of the victims. A decision of the prosecutor not to prosecute should be open to judicial review. An option may be to allow the victim to bring the case directly to the court. • The fair administration of justice requires that there shall be equality of arms between prosecution and defence, as well as respect for the independence of the court, the principle of separation of powers and the binding force of final court decisions. • The proper performance of the distinct but complementary roles of judges and public prosecutors is a necessary guarantee for the fair, impartial and effective administration of justice.

Judges and public prosecutors must both enjoy independence in respect of their functions and also be and appear independent from each other. • Adequate organisational, financial, material and human resources should be put at the disposal of justice. • The role of judges – and, where applicable, of juries – is to properly adjudicate cases brought regularly before them by the prosecution service, without any undue influence by the prosecution or defence or by any other source. • The enforcement of the law and, where applicable, the discretionary powers by the prosecution at the pre-trial stage require that the status of public prosecutors be guaranteed by law, at the highest possible level, in a manner similar to that of judges. They shall be independent and autonomous in their decision-making and carry out their functions fairly, objectively and impartially.

• The CCJE and the CCPE refer to the consistent case-law of the European Court of Human Rights in relation to article 5 paragraph 3 and article 6 of the European Convention of Human Rights. In particular, they refer to the decisions whereby the Court recognized the requirement of independence from the executive power and the parties on the part of any officer authorized by law to exercise judicial power but which does not, however, exclude subordination to higher independent judicial authority.

Any attribution of judicial functions to prosecutors should be restricted to cases involving in particular minor sanctions, should not be exercised in conjunction with the power to prosecute in the same case and should not prejudice the defendants’ right to a decision on such cases by an independent and impartial authority exercising judicial functions. • For an independent status of public prosecutors, some minimal requirements are necessary, in particular: - that their position and activities are not subject to influence or interference from any source outside the prosecution service itself; - that their recruitment, career development, security of tenure including transfer, as well as remuneration be safeguarded through guarantees provided by the law. • In a State governed by the rule of law, when the structure of prosecution service is hierarchical, effectiveness of prosecution is, regarding public prosecutors, strongly linked with transparent lines of authority, accountability, and responsibility. Mohaa no recoil hack download. Directions to individual prosecutors should be in writing, in accordance with the law and, where applicable, in compliance with publicly available prosecution guidelines and criteria. Any review according to the law of a decision by the public prosecutor to prosecute or not to prosecute should be carried out impartially and objectively.

Prikaz nachal'nika Upravlenija MVD Krymskoj oblasti polkovnika A. Ryzhikova # 95 ot 30 oktjabrja 1954 goda «O pooshhrenii lichnogo sostava Simferopol'skoj komandy Vnutrennej i 5 konvojnoj ohrany MVD USSR» (Arhiv MVD po RK.